"An inscription at the end of a book or manuscript usually with facts about its production" - cite
Version Control System
Software that is capable of saving "snapshots" of your work at a point in time, thereby producing a "history" of the changes your work has gone through.
DVCS
Distributed Version Control System
CVCS
Centralized Version Control System
Code Repository
A DVCS/CVCS "database" containing the development history of some source code. Code repositories are often referred to as "Repos".